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The Medieval Church · c. 815–820

Refutations of the Iconoclasts

Theodore the Studite · 759–826

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What it is

Three refutations arguing that an image is a likeness and not a sharing of essence, so a portrait of Christ affirms exactly the individual humanity he assumed.

Why it lasted

The most philosophically precise defence of icons ever written, produced during the second iconoclasm by a man repeatedly flogged and exiled for it.

Where to read it

Public domain and free to read in full, though not held here. The archives below have it.

These open a search on each archive rather than a direct link, which is the honest way to point at an edition nobody here has checked line by line.

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