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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1577 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1101–1200

The Twelfth Century

13 works

c. 1121–1124

Latin

On Contemplating God

William of Saint-Thierry · c. 1085–1148

A short prayer-treatise on the desire to see God, insisting that love itself is the faculty of knowing him and that the Spirit is the love between Father and Son given to us.

Cistercian · Devotional

c. 1121–1125

Latin

On the Steps of Humility and Pride

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

Benedict's twelve steps of humility read in reverse as twelve steps of pride, each a recognisable social type from the monk who fidgets to the one who rebels openly.

Cistercian · Ascetical

c. 1125

Latin

Apologia to Abbot William

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

An attack on monastic luxury that turns on carved cloisters: what are these ridiculous monsters doing where the brothers read, and would the money not be better given to the poor?

Cistercian · Polemic

c. 1126–1141

Latin

On Loving God

De Diligendo Deo

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

Why God should be loved, and how much: through four degrees, from loving oneself for one's own sake to loving oneself only for God's sake.

Cistercian · Theology

c. 1128

Latin

On Grace and Free Choice

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

Free choice makes an act ours; grace makes it good. Bernard distinguishes freedom from necessity, from sin, and from sorrow, and gives the first only to the will.

Cistercian · TheologyRomansPhilippians

c. 1142

Latin

The Mirror of Charity

Aelred of Rievaulx · 1110–1167

Written at Bernard's insistence, on charity as the sabbath of the soul, and including a grief-stricken passage on the death of a friend.

Cistercian · Theology

c. 1141–1144

Latin

On Precept and Dispensation

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

Which parts of a monastic rule bind absolutely, which may be dispensed, and what a monk owes an abbot who commands something foolish but not sinful.

Cistercian · Canon law

c. 1144

Latin

The Golden Epistle

William of Saint-Thierry · c. 1085–1148

A letter to the Carthusians of Mont-Dieu tracing the ascent from the animal state through the rational to the spiritual, where the soul loves as it is loved.

Cistercian · Letter

c. 1119–1153

Latin

The Letters

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

Over five hundred letters running the affairs of Europe from a monastery — preaching a crusade, hounding Abelard, defending Jews against a preacher inciting massacre, and reproaching kings.

Cistercian · Letters

c. 1148–1153

Latin

On Consideration

De Consideratione

Bernard of Clairvaux · 1090–1153

Advice to a former monk now pope: the litigation will swallow you, you are not the successor of Constantine, and you must keep time for yourself or lose your soul.

Cistercian · Advice

c. 1160–1165

Latin

Spiritual Friendship

De Spiritali Amicitia

Aelred of Rievaulx · 1110–1167

A dialogue rewriting Cicero on friendship for the cloister, arguing that a friend is the guardian of love, and that God is friendship.

Cistercian · Dialogue

c. 1147–1169

Latin

The Sermons

Isaac of Stella · c. 1100–c. 1178

Sermons of unusual philosophical seriousness on the soul, the church as the body of Christ, and the mercy owed to sinners by a community that shares their nature.

Cistercian · Homilies

c. 1175–1180

Latin

On the Sacrament of the Altar

Baldwin of Forde · c. 1125–1190

A meditative rather than argumentative treatment of the eucharist, reading it through the Old Testament sacrifices and the church's unity in one bread.

Cistercian · Sacramental theology1 CorinthiansHebrews

1201–1300

The Thirteenth Century

1 work

c. 1219–1223

Latin

The Dialogue on Miracles

Caesarius of Heisterbach · c. 1180–c. 1240

Hundreds of stories told by a novice master — demons in the cloister, deathbed visions, a knight who cannot say the Lord's Prayer, monks who fall asleep in choir.

Cistercian · Anecdotes