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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

401–500

The Fifth Century

1 work

1301–1400

The Fourteenth Century

7 works

c. 1338–1341

Greek

The Triads in Defence of the Holy Hesychasts

Gregory Palamas · 1296–1359

A defence of monks who claimed to see the uncreated light, distinguishing God's unknowable essence from the energies by which he is genuinely shared.

Byzantine · TheologyRead elsewhere

c. 1338–1341; survives in fragments

Greek

Against the Messalians

Barlaam of Calabria · c. 1290–1348

An attack on monks who claimed to see divine light with bodily eyes, dismissing their breathing techniques and accusing them of an ancient heresy.

Byzantine · PolemicRead elsewhere

1340

Greek

The Hagioritic Tome

Gregory Palamas and the monks of Athos

A declaration signed by the leading monks of Mount Athos affirming that the light of Tabor was uncreated and that the saints genuinely participate in God.

Byzantine · ManifestoRead elsewhere

c. 1349–1350

Greek

The One Hundred and Fifty Chapters

Gregory Palamas · 1296–1359

A compressed summary of his whole theology — cosmology, the human person as image, the distinction of essence and energies — in short numbered chapters.

Byzantine · AphorismsRead elsewhere

c. 1340–1359

Greek

The Roman History

Nikephoros Gregoras · c. 1295–1360

A history of the later empire that turns, in its second half, into a sustained polemic against Palamas by the leading opponent of hesychasm.

Byzantine · HistoryRead elsewhere

c. 1368

Greek

The Life of Gregory Palamas

Philotheos Kokkinos · c. 1300–1379

The life of the hesychast theologian by the patriarch who canonised him nine years after his death, written to settle the controversy for good.

Byzantine · BiographyRead elsewhere

c. 1376–1406

Old Church Slavonic

The Liturgical Writings and Letters

Cyprian of Kyiv · c. 1336–1406

The correspondence and service-book revisions of a Bulgarian-born metropolitan who brought Byzantine hesychast practice and corrected texts into the Russian church.

Rus · LettersRead elsewhere

1401–1500

The Fifteenth Century

1 work

c. 1490–1508

Old Church Slavonic

The Monastic Rule

Ustav

Nil Sorsky · c. 1433–1508

A rule for small skete communities built on hesychast prayer of the heart, on the analysis of the passions, and on monasteries owning no villages or serfs.

Rus · RuleRead elsewhere