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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

6 works

c. 1057–1058

Latin

Three Books Against the Simoniacs

Humbert of Silva Candida · c. 1000–1061

An argument that ordinations bought with money are not merely illicit but void, and that lay rulers have no business investing bishops with ring and staff.

Western · PolemicRead elsewhere

1075

Latin

The Dictatus Papae

Pope Gregory VII · c. 1015–1085

Twenty-seven bald propositions entered in the papal register: the Roman church has never erred, the pope alone may depose emperors, and he may be judged by no one.

Western · PropositionsRead elsewhere

c. 1077–1080

Latin

The Annals

Lampert of Hersfeld · c. 1028–c. 1085

A hostile account of Henry IV's reign, containing the celebrated description of the king waiting barefoot in the snow at Canossa for three days.

Western · ChronicleRead elsewhere

1073–1085

Latin

The Register

Pope Gregory VII · c. 1015–1085

The letters of the most combative pope of the Middle Ages, including the two depositions of Henry IV and a long defence of the right to depose kings.

Western · LettersRead elsewhere

c. 1082

Latin

The Saxon War

Bruno of Merseburg · 11th century

A partisan account of the Saxon revolt against Henry IV, quoting letters and speeches and treating the rebellion as a just resistance to tyranny.

Western · HistoryRead elsewhere

c. 1085

Latin

To Gebhard

Liber ad Gebehardum

Manegold of Lautenbach · c. 1030–c. 1103

A defence of the pope against Henry IV, arguing that a king holds office under something like a contract with his people, and forfeits it if he becomes a tyrant.

Western · Political theoryRead elsewhere