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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

201–300

The Third Century

1 work

c. 300

Greek

On the Resurrection

Methodius of Olympus · d. c. 311

A direct attack on Origen's teaching that the risen body will be a spiritual form rather than this flesh, insisting that the same body is raised and transformed.

Early Church · Dialogue1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

301–400

The Fourth Century

3 works

c. 308–310; partly survives

Greek

Apology for Origen

Pamphilus of Caesarea · d. 309

Written in prison with Eusebius's help, answering charge by charge the accusations against Origen's orthodoxy, mostly by quoting him at length.

Early Church · ApologyRead elsewhere

374

Greek

The Well-Anchored Man

Ancoratus

Epiphanius of Salamis · c. 315 – 403

A letter to Christians in Pamphylia who asked for something to hold on to, written three years before the Panarion and covering the same ground more calmly: the Trinity, the resurrection of this same body, and a warning against Origen's allegory.

Early Church · TreatiseJohn1 CorinthiansRomansGenesisRead elsewhere

c. 393–399; unexpurgated text survives only in Syriac

Greek, surviving in Syriac

The Gnostic Chapters

Kephalaia Gnostica

Evagrius Ponticus · 345 – 399

Six centuries of dense, deliberately obscure sentences on contemplation, ninety to a hundred rather than a hundred each, so that the reader notices the gaps. Behind them is a doctrine of minds that fell from unity into bodies and will be restored to a state where even the distinction between them dissolves.

Egyptian Monastic · Maxims1 CorinthiansColossiansMatthewGenesisRead elsewhere

401–500

The Fifth Century

2 works

401–402

Latin

Apology Against Rufinus

Jerome · c. 347 – 420

Two old friends who had studied together and shared a monastery tear each other apart in print over how much of Origen either of them had once believed. Jerome accuses Rufinus of doctoring his translations; Rufinus quotes Jerome's own earlier praise of Origen back at him.

Western · PolemicGalatiansProverbsMatthewRead elsewhere

c. 402

Latin

Ecclesiastical History

Rufinus of Aquileia · c. 344–411

A Latin translation of Eusebius with two further books carrying the story to the death of Theodosius, made as the Goths moved into Italy.

Western · HistoryRead elsewhere

501–600

The Sixth Century

2 works

543

Greek

Letter to Menas Against Origen

Justinian I · 482–565

An imperial letter listing and condemning the errors attributed to Origen — pre-existent souls, the restoration of all things — and requiring bishops to subscribe.

Byzantine · EdictRead elsewhere

553

Greek

The Anathemas of the Second Council of Constantinople

The Second Council of Constantinople

Fourteen anathemas condemning the Three Chapters and clarifying Chalcedon in Cyrilline terms, with Origenism condemned in the same period.

Ecumenical · CanonsRead elsewhere