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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

383

Latin

Against Helvidius

De Perpetua Virginitate Beatae Mariae

Jerome · c. 347 – 420

A Roman layman had argued from the gospels that Mary bore other children after Jesus and that marriage is therefore no worse than virginity. Jerome answers by combing the usage of until and brother through the whole of scripture, and proposes that the brothers of the Lord were cousins.

Western · PolemicMatthewLukeGalatiansMarkRead elsewhere

1401–1500

The Fifteenth Century

2 works

1440

Latin

On the Donation of Constantine

De Falso Credita et Ementita Constantini Donatione

Lorenzo Valla · c. 1407–1457

A demonstration that the document by which Constantine supposedly gave the West to the papacy is a forgery — proved from its Latin, its anachronisms, and its silences.

Western · PhilologyRead elsewhere

c. 1444–1457

Latin

Annotations on the New Testament

Lorenzo Valla · c. 1407–1457

Notes comparing the Vulgate against Greek manuscripts and finding the Latin wanting in dozens of places, including words on which doctrines had been built.

Western · PhilologyRead elsewhere

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

1 work

1516

Greek

The Greek New Testament

Novum Instrumentum Omne

Desiderius Erasmus · c. 1466–1536

The Greek text printed alongside a fresh Latin translation and annotations, produced in haste from a handful of late manuscripts.

Western · Critical editionRead elsewhere