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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

300–201 BC

The Third Century BC

1 work

c. 260–250 BC

Greek

The Hymn to Zeus

Cleanthes of Assos · c. 330 – c. 230 BC

Thirty-nine lines from the second head of the Stoic school, addressed to the most glorious of immortals, many-named, forever all-powerful — who guides the common law through all things, from whom we are sprung, and who can straighten even what is crooked and make the unloved lovely.

Greco-Roman · HymnActsPsalmsRomansColossiansRead elsewhere

201–300

The Third Century

1 work

c. 233

Greek

On Prayer

Peri Euches

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185–c. 253

An answer to the objection that prayer is pointless if God already knows and has already decided, followed by a full exposition of the Lord's Prayer.

Alexandrian · DevotionalMatthewLukeRomansRead elsewhere

401–500

The Fifth Century

1 work

c. 407

Greek

On the Providence of God

Ad eos qui scandalizati sunt

John Chrysostom · c. 347 – 407

Written in exile for those whose faith his own downfall had shaken. If a bishop can be deposed by intrigue and the church left to men who bought their sees, where is providence? Chrysostom answers that God's government is not legible from inside a single lifetime, and that scandal is a wound taken by the one who takes it.

Antiochene · TreatiseJobRomansGenesisMatthewRead elsewhere

501–600

The Sixth Century

1 work

c. 524

Latin

The Consolation of Philosophy

De Consolatione Philosophiae

Boethius · c. 477–524

Written in prison awaiting execution on a false charge. Lady Philosophy visits the condemned man and works him through fortune, happiness, providence, and how human freedom survives divine foreknowledge.

Late Antique · DialogueRead elsewhere

1301–1400

The Fourteenth Century

1 work

1377–1378

Italian

The Dialogue

Il Dialogo della Divina Provvidenza

Catherine of Siena · 1347–1380

A conversation between a soul and God the Father, built on the image of Christ as a bridge over the flood, and unsparing about corrupt clergy.

Dominican · DialogueRead elsewhere

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

2 works

1525

Latin

Commentary on True and False Religion

Huldrych Zwingli · 1484–1531

The first Reformed systematic theology, with a symbolic reading of the Lord's Supper and a strong emphasis on providence and the sovereignty of God.

Reformed · Systematic theologyRead elsewhere

1588

Latin

The Concord of Free Will with Grace

Concordia

Luis de Molina · 1535–1600

A proposal that God knows what every free creature would do in any circumstance, and providentially arranges circumstances accordingly.

Jesuit · TheologyRead elsewhere

1601–1700

The Seventeenth Century

2 works

1681

French

Discourse on Universal History

Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet · 1627–1704

World history written for the dauphin as a single providential design running from creation through Israel and Rome to the church of the present.

Western · HistoryRead elsewhere

1682

English

The Sovereignty and Goodness of God

Mary Rowlandson · c. 1637–1711

A minister's wife taken captive by Narragansett and Nipmuc raiders describes eleven weeks of forced marches, hunger, and her attempts to read providence in it.

Reformed · AutobiographyRead elsewhere