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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1277 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

301–400

The Fourth Century

2 works

c. 320–330

Greek

On the Place Names in Holy Scripture

Onomasticon

Eusebius of Caesarea · c. 260–339

An alphabetical gazetteer of biblical places, giving each one's location in the fourth-century landscape and whether the village was still standing.

Early Church · Reference

393

Latin

On Illustrious Men

De Viris Illustribus

Jerome · c. 347–420

Short notices of a hundred and thirty-five Christian writers and their books, from Peter to Jerome himself, compiled to show pagans that Christianity had a literature.

Western · Reference

501–600

The Sixth Century

1 work

c. 546

Latin

Abridgement of the Canons

Breviatio Canonum

Ferrandus of Carthage · d. c. 546

Two hundred and thirty-two canons drawn from Greek and African councils and rearranged by subject rather than by council.

Western · Canon law

601–700

The Seventh Century

2 works

c. 613

Latin

On the Nature of Things

De Natura Rerum

Isidore of Seville · c. 560–636

A short handbook on the heavens, the seasons, thunder, tides, and pestilence, written for a Visigothic king who had asked about eclipses.

Western · Natural science

c. 620–636; unfinished at his death

Latin

The Etymologies

Etymologiae

Isidore of Seville · c. 560–636

Twenty books explaining the whole of knowledge by way of the origins of words — grammar, medicine, law, God, animals, ships, farming, furniture.

Western · Encyclopaedia

801–900

The Ninth Century

1 work

c. 845

Greek

The Bibliotheca

Myriobiblos

Photius of Constantinople · c. 815–c. 893

Notes on two hundred and eighty books read by the author, each summarised and judged, many of them now lost entirely.

Byzantine · Reference

901–1000

The Tenth Century

1 work

c. 970–1000

Greek

The Suda

Anonymous

Thirty thousand alphabetical entries on words, authors, and events, compiled from earlier lexica and scholia by editors who often did not understand their sources.

Byzantine · Encyclopaedia

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

1 work

c. 1008–1012

Latin

The Decretum

Burchard of Worms · c. 950–1025

Twenty books of canon law for a working bishop, the nineteenth of which is a penitential listing in detail the folk practices confessors should ask about.

Western · Canon law

1101–1200

The Twelfth Century

1 work

c. 1110

Greek

The Dogmatic Panoply

Euthymios Zigabenos · 12th century

A commissioned survey of every heresy from the ancient sects to the Bogomils and Islam, each described and answered from the fathers.

Byzantine · Heresiology

1201–1300

The Thirteenth Century

3 works

c. 1230–1240

Latin

The Biblical Concordance

Hugh of Saint-Cher and the friars of Saint-Jacques · c. 1200–1263

Every significant word in the Latin Bible listed alphabetically with references, produced by a team of friars working from a newly standardised chapter division.

Dominican · Reference

c. 1240

Latin

On the Properties of Things

De Proprietatibus Rerum

Bartholomaeus Anglicus · c. 1203–1272

Nineteen books on God, angels, the human body, illness, air, birds, stones, colours, and smells, compiled by a friar teaching in Germany.

Franciscan · Encyclopaedia

c. 1235–1264

Latin

The Greater Mirror

Speculum Maius

Vincent of Beauvais · c. 1190–c. 1264

Around eighty books in three parts — nature, doctrine, history — assembled by a team at a royal abbey and running to some four million words.

Dominican · Encyclopaedia

1401–1500

The Fifteenth Century

1 work

c. 1420–1429

Greek

On the Sacred Liturgy and the Rites of the Church

Symeon of Thessalonica · d. 1429

A complete explanation of Orthodox worship — the church building, all the sacraments, the funeral rites, the ordinations — by the last archbishop of the city before it fell.

Byzantine · Liturgy

1601–1700

The Seventeenth Century

1 work

1697

French

Historical and Critical Dictionary

Pierre Bayle · 1647–1706

A biographical dictionary whose footnotes swallow the entries, raising sceptical difficulties about miracles, providence, and the problem of evil at every turn.

Reformed · Encyclopaedia