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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

201–300

The Third Century

1 work

c. 246; survives in Rufinus's abridgement

Greek, surviving in Latin

Commentary on Romans

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185 – c. 253

Fifteen books on Paul's hardest letter, holding together a real freedom of the will and a real grace, and reading the hardened Pharaoh and the vessels of wrath as descriptions of a mercy working on a longer scale than one life.

Alexandrian · CommentaryRomansExodusGalatiansRead elsewhere

301–400

The Fourth Century

2 works

c. 391–393

Greek

Homilies on Romans

John Chrysostom · c. 347 – 407

Thirty-two sermons on Romans, insisting throughout that grace does not remove the will but frees it, and that Paul's hardest chapters are about God's dealings with two peoples rather than about the fate of individuals.

Antiochene · HomiliesRomansGalatiansEphesiansRead elsewhere

396

Latin

To Simplician, on Various Questions

Ad Simplicianum

Augustine of Hippo · 354 – 430

Ambrose's old mentor sent two questions about Romans. Working on Jacob and Esau, loved and hated before either was born, Augustine gives up the position he had held for ten years — that God foresees who will believe and elects accordingly — and concludes instead that the will to believe is itself God's gift.

Western · LetterRomansGenesisMalachi1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

2 works

1522

German

Preface to the Epistle to the Romans

Martin Luther · 1483–1546

A short introduction defining faith as a living, busy, active thing that cannot help doing good works, and asking the reader not to confuse it with mere assent.

Lutheran · PrefaceRomansRead elsewhere

1530

German

On Translating: An Open Letter

Martin Luther · 1483–1546

A defence of adding the word alone to justified by faith, and a description of how hard it is to make Hebrew speak German without sounding like a foreigner.

Lutheran · LetterRomansRead elsewhere