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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

2nd century core, redacted c. 3rd–5th century

Aramaic

Targum Onqelos

Attributed to Onqelos

The authorised Aramaic rendering of the Torah, read in synagogue verse by verse after the Hebrew. It translates closely but never quite literally where God is concerned: no hands, no face, no walking, and the Word of the Lord standing in wherever the text would have God present too plainly.

Rabbinic Jewish · TranslationGenesisExodusDeuteronomyJohn

701–800

The Eighth Century

1 work

c. 7th–8th century; date disputed

Aramaic

Targum Pseudo-Jonathan

Anonymous

An Aramaic Torah that translates and rewrites at once, filling every gap: Cain and Abel argue theology before the murder, the names of Ishmael's wives are given, and a passage on Muhammad's wife and daughter dates the text after the conquests.

Rabbinic Jewish · TranslationGenesisExodusNumbersDeuteronomy