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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1693 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

1 work

c. 1063–1070

Latin

On the Body and Blood of the Lord

Lanfranc of Bec · c. 1005–1089

The reply to Berengar, arguing that the substance of the bread is converted while its appearances remain, and using the very dialectic Berengar had deployed.

Western · Sacramental theology

1201–1300

The Thirteenth Century

1 work

1215

Latin

The Canons of the Fourth Lateran Council

The Fourth Lateran Council

Seventy canons defining transubstantiation, requiring annual confession and communion, forbidding clergy to take part in ordeals, and imposing distinguishing dress on Jews and Muslims.

Western · Canons