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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1693 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1–100

The First Century

1 work

Jewish core, Christian recension c. AD 100–200

Greek

The Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs

Anonymous

Each of Jacob's sons gathers his children and confesses the sin that defined him — Reuben lust, Simeon envy, Judah greed and drink — then warns against it and foretells what will come. Passages about a saviour from Levi and Judah sit in the text as it stands.

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

c. 390

Greek

The Praktikos

Evagrius Ponticus · 345–399

A hundred short chapters analysing the eight thoughts that assail a monk — gluttony, lust, avarice, sadness, anger, listlessness, vainglory, pride — and the discipline that answers each.

Egyptian Monastic · Aphorisms

401–500

The Fifth Century

1 work

c. 420–425

Latin

The Institutes

De Institutis Coenobiorum

John Cassian · c. 360–435

The customs of Egyptian monasteries adapted for Gaul — dress, the night office, the reception of newcomers — followed by books on each of the eight principal faults.

Western Monastic · Rule

501–600

The Sixth Century

1 work

c. 579–591

Latin

Morals on the Book of Job

Moralia in Iob

Gregory the Great · c. 540–604

Thirty-five books begun as conferences for fellow monks in Constantinople, reading Job at three levels — historical, allegorical, and moral — and using it to map the interior life.

Western · CommentaryJob

601–700

The Seventh Century

1 work

c. 650

Latin

The Penitential of Cummean

Cummean

A tariff of penances arranged under the eight principal vices taken from Cassian, prescribing a measured remedy for each sin by kind, duration, and the offender's rank — with contraries applied to contraries as a physician treats disease.

Celtic · PenitentialJames1 JohnMatthewGalatians

1101–1200

The Twelfth Century

1 work

1158–1163

Latin

The Book of Life's Merits

Liber Vitae Meritorum

Hildegard of Bingen · 1098–1179

Thirty-five vices appear and speak in their own defence, each answered by the corresponding virtue, followed by a description of the punishments awaiting each.

Western Monastic · Visions

1301–1400

The Fourteenth Century

1 work

c. 1375

Middle English

The Book of Vices and Virtues

Anonymous

An English version of a French treatise on the commandments, the creed, the seven sins, and the gifts of the Spirit, written for lay readers.

Western · Catechesis