The Medieval Church · 16 July 1054
The Bull of Excommunication
Humbert of Silva Candida · c. 1000–1061
What it is
The document a papal legate laid on the altar of Hagia Sophia, excommunicating the patriarch and his followers in intemperate terms — its author's authority already lapsed, the pope having died.
Why it lasted
The conventional date of the East–West schism, though the split was neither sudden nor complete. The anathemas were lifted only in 1965.
Where to read it
This work is in the public domain and can be read in full, free, at the archives below. The Library catalogues it; it does not host the text.
These open a search on each archive rather than a direct link, which is the honest way to point at an edition nobody here has checked line by line.
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