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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1693 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

1 work

c. 1080–1083

Latin

The Book of Encouragement

Liber Confortatorius

Goscelin of Saint-Bertin · c. 1035–c. 1107

A long letter of consolation from a monk to a young woman who has enclosed herself as an anchoress, mixing spiritual counsel with unmistakable personal grief at the separation.

Western · Letter

1101–1200

The Twelfth Century

1 work

c. 1160–1162

Latin

A Rule of Life for a Recluse

Aelred of Rievaulx · 1110–1167

Written for his sister, enclosed as an anchoress: practical advice on visitors and servants, then a long meditation on entering the gospel scenes in imagination.

Cistercian · Rule

1201–1300

The Thirteenth Century

1 work

c. 1225–1240

Middle English

Guide for Anchoresses

Ancrene Wisse

Anonymous

A rule for three enclosed sisters covering prayer, temptation, confession, and daily arrangements — including whether to keep a cat and what to say to visitors at the window.

Western · Rule

1301–1400

The Fourteenth Century

3 works

1348–1349

Middle English

The Form of Living

Richard Rolle · c. 1300–1349

A guide written in English for a woman becoming a recluse, on temptations, on the degrees of love, and on how to keep the heart occupied.

Western · Rule

c. 1380–1396

Middle English

The Scale of Perfection

Walter Hilton · c. 1340–1396

Two books of measured guidance on reforming the image of God in the soul, written first for an anchoress and then extended to anyone living in the world.

Western · Mystical

c. 1396–1404

Latin

The Life of Dorothea of Montau

John of Marienwerder · 1343–1417

The life of a Prussian wife and mother of nine who, after her husband's death, was enclosed as an anchoress and reported constant conversations with Christ.

Western · Biography