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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1577 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

101–200

The Second Century

1 work

c. 190; survives in fragment

Greek

Letter to Victor of Rome

Polycrates of Ephesus · c. 130–196

A courteous refusal: the churches of Asia will keep Easter on the fourteenth of Nisan as their fathers did, whatever Rome prefers, and Polycrates lists the graves that prove it.

Early Church · Letter

201–300

The Third Century

1 work

c. 235; recovered at Tura in 1941

Greek

On the Passover

Peri Pascha

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185 – c. 253

An argument that pascha does not mean passion, as everyone was saying, but passage — and that the lamb eaten in haste with the loins girded is the Word consumed by a soul already on the road out.

Alexandrian · TreatiseExodusJohn1 Corinthians

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

329–373

Greek

The Festal Letters

Athanasius of Alexandria · c. 296–373

Annual letters announcing the date of Easter and offering pastoral instruction — the thirty-ninth of which lists the books of scripture that may be read in church.

Alexandrian · Letters

501–600

The Sixth Century

2 works

525

Latin

The Easter Tables

Dionysius Exiguus · c. 470–c. 544

A continuation of the Alexandrian Easter cycle in which the compiler declined to number years from the persecuting emperor Diocletian and counted instead from the incarnation.

Western · Chronology

c. 595–613

Latin

The Letters

Columbanus · c. 543–615

Letters to three popes and to his own monks, defending the Irish Easter calculation and addressing the bishop of Rome with startling directness.

Celtic · Letters

601–700

The Seventh Century

2 works

c. 630

Greek

The Paschal Chronicle

Chronicon Paschale

Anonymous

A world chronicle from Adam to 628, organised around the Easter cycle, with a detailed eyewitness account of the Avar siege of Constantinople.

Byzantine · Chronicle

c. 632–633

Latin

Letter on the Paschal Controversy

Cummian · 7th century

An Irish abbot explains why, after a year shut in with the computistical texts, he has abandoned the Irish Easter reckoning for the Roman one.

Celtic · Letter

701–800

The Eighth Century

1 work

725

Latin

On the Reckoning of Time

De Temporum Ratione

The Venerable Bede · c. 673–735

A complete treatment of time — the day, the moon, the tides, the Easter cycle — closing with a world chronicle and an account of the six ages.

Anglo-Saxon · Chronology

1001–1100

The Eleventh Century

1 work

c. 1040

Latin

Victimae Paschali Laudes

Wipo of Burgundy · c. 995–c. 1050

An Easter sequence in dialogue form, asking Mary Magdalene what she saw on the way and letting her answer.

Western · HymnsJohn