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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1693 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

201–300

The Third Century

1 work

c. 235–245; survives in fragments

Greek

The Hexapla

Origen of Alexandria · c. 185–c. 253

The Old Testament laid out in six parallel columns — Hebrew, Hebrew in Greek letters, and four Greek versions — with marks showing where the Septuagint added to or omitted from the Hebrew.

Alexandrian · Critical edition

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

370–419

Latin

The Letters

Jerome · c. 347–420

A hundred and fifty letters of scholarship, spiritual counsel, travel, and ferocious quarrel, including the dream in which he is accused of being a Ciceronian rather than a Christian.

Western · Letters

401–500

The Fifth Century

1 work

426–427

Latin

The Retractations

Retractationes

Augustine of Hippo · 354–430

A review of his own ninety-three books in order of composition, correcting what he now thought wrong and explaining what he had meant.

Western · Review

801–900

The Ninth Century

1 work

c. 858–886

Greek

The Letters and Amphilochia

Photius of Constantinople · c. 815–c. 893

Correspondence and a long series of answers to theological and literary questions, including a famous letter of advice to the newly converted prince of Bulgaria.

Byzantine · Letters

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

2 works

printed 1514–1517; issued 1520

Latin

The Complutensian Polyglot

Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros and his team · 1436–1517

The Bible in Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, and Latin in parallel columns, with grammars and a Hebrew dictionary, produced at a Spanish university by Jewish converts and Greek scholars.

Western · Critical edition

1559–1574

Latin

The Magdeburg Centuries

Matthias Flacius Illyricus and colleagues · 1520–1575

Church history century by century, assembled by a team working from manuscripts, arguing that the papacy gradually corrupted an originally pure church.

Lutheran · History

1601–1700

The Seventeenth Century

5 works

1588–1607

Latin

The Ecclesiastical Annals

Annales Ecclesiastici

Cesare Baronio · 1538–1607

Church history year by year from the incarnation to 1198, compiled from the Vatican archives as a Catholic answer to the Magdeburg Centuries.

Western · History

begun 1643; still in progress

Latin

Acts of the Saints

Acta Sanctorum

Jean Bolland and the Bollandists

A critical edition of the lives of the saints arranged by feast day, with the sources weighed and the legendary material identified as such.

Jesuit · Hagiography

1650–1654

Latin

The Annals of the World

James Ussher · 1581–1656

A chronology of the world from creation, dated by astronomy and by the reigns of kings, placing the first day in the evening preceding 23 October 4004 BC.

Anglican · Chronology

1653–1657

Latin

The London Polyglot Bible

Brian Walton and colleagues · c. 1600–1661

The Bible in nine languages in parallel columns — Hebrew, Samaritan, Aramaic, Greek, Latin, Syriac, Arabic, Ethiopic, Persian — with a critical apparatus of variants.

Anglican · Critical edition

1691

French

Treatise on Monastic Studies

Jean Mabillon · 1632–1707

A defence of scholarship as a legitimate monastic work against a Trappist abbot who insisted monks should do manual labour and pray, not read.

Western Monastic · Education