785
Latin
Against Elipandus
Beatus of Liébana and Etherius of Osma
A furious reply to the archbishop of Toledo, who had taught that Christ in his humanity is God's son by adoption rather than by nature.
Western · Polemic
701–800
The Eighth Century
5 works
c. 785–799
Latin
The Letters
Elipandus of Toledo · c. 717 – c. 800
The archbishop of Toledo, under Muslim rule, argues that Christ as man is Son of God by adoption rather than by nature — using liturgical language his own Spanish books had used for centuries — and turns furiously on Beatus for saying otherwise.
Contested · LettersRomansGalatiansJohnPhilippians
794
Latin
The Acts of the Council of Frankfurt
The Council of Frankfurt
Charlemagne summons the bishops of his empire, condemns Spanish Adoptionism, and rejects the council of 787 as well — having read Nicaea II in a translation so bad that it appeared to say images should be adored as the Trinity is.
Western · Conciliar actsExodusJohnRomansColossians
c. 796–799
Latin
Against Felix
Contra Felicem
Paulinus II of Aquileia · c. 730 – 802
Three books answering the bishop of Urgell's Adoptionism, arguing that adoption implies a person adopted, and that if the man Jesus is adopted then there are two sons and the incarnation is a partnership rather than a union.
Western · PolemicJohnRomansGalatiansPhilippians
c. 790–800
Old High German
The Old High German Isidore
Anonymous
Isidore's treatise on the faith against the Jews rendered into German by a translator who refuses to construe word for word, inventing German vocabulary for Latin theological terms and using a consistent spelling system of his own devising.