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The Library

Forty Centuries of Christian Writing

1774 works catalogued century by century, from the literature the Bible was written among to the present — each with a note on what it is, why it lasted, and where to read it.

301–400

The Fourth Century

1 work

c. 362–363

Greek

On the Gods and the World

Sallustius

A short handbook of pagan belief written for Julian's revival: the nature of the gods, why myths are not to be taken literally, why the world is eternal, why evil comes from us, and what happens to the soul. These things never happened, it says of the myths, but always are.

Greco-Roman · CatechismRomansActs1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

1501–1600

The Sixteenth Century

7 works

1529

German

The Small Catechism

Martin Luther · 1483–1546

The commandments, creed, Lord's Prayer, and sacraments explained in the simplest possible terms, each section beginning with the question: what does this mean?

Lutheran · CatechismRead elsewhere

1529

German

The Large Catechism

Martin Luther · 1483–1546

The same material expounded at length for pastors and heads of households, opening with the claim that whatever your heart clings to is your god.

Lutheran · CatechismRead elsewhere

1542, Latin 1545

French

The Catechism of the Church of Geneva

John Calvin · 1509–1564

Instruction by question and answer, opening with the chief end of human life: to know God by whom we were created.

Reformed · CatechismRead elsewhere

1555–1558, in three sizes

Latin

The Catechisms

Peter Canisius · 1521–1597

Three catechisms for different ages, organised around wisdom and justice, and carefully phrased to answer Protestant teaching without naming it.

Jesuit · CatechismRead elsewhere

1563

German

The Heidelberg Catechism

Heidelberger Katechismus

Zacharias Ursinus and Caspar Olevianus

A hundred and twenty-nine questions and answers arranged as guilt, grace, and gratitude — opening with what a person's only comfort in life and death is, and answering in the first person.

Reformed · CatechismRomans1 CorinthiansRead elsewhere

1566

Latin

The Roman Catechism

Catechismus ex Decreto Concilii Tridentini

The commission of the Council of Trent

A catechism written for parish priests rather than children, expounding the creed, sacraments, commandments, and Lord's Prayer at length.

Western · CatechismRead elsewhere

1574

Polish

The Confession of the Polish Brethren

The Minor Reformed Church of Poland

A catechism of the Polish anti-trinitarians, teaching one God the Father, a fully human Christ, believers' baptism, and refusal of the magistrate's sword.

Radical Reformation · CatechismRead elsewhere

1601–1700

The Seventeenth Century

4 works

1640; approved 1642

Latin

The Orthodox Confession

Peter Mogila · 1596–1646

A catechism written to answer Lucaris and to arm Orthodox clergy in Poland-Lithuania against Catholic and Protestant argument, structured like a Western catechism.

Byzantine · CatechismRead elsewhere

1646; catechisms 1647

English

The Westminster Confession of Faith

The Westminster Assembly

Thirty-three chapters of Reformed doctrine drafted by an assembly of divines during the English Civil War, accompanied by a Larger and a Shorter Catechism whose first question asks what the chief end of man is.

Reformed (Presbyterian) · ConfessionRomansEphesiansRead elsewhere

1647

English

The Westminster Shorter Catechism

The Westminster Assembly

A hundred and seven questions and answers, opening with the chief end of man: to glorify God and to enjoy him for ever.

Reformed · CatechismRead elsewhere

1651

Vietnamese

Catechism in Eight Days

Cathechismus

Alexandre de Rhodes · 1593–1660

A catechism in parallel Latin and Vietnamese, published with a dictionary and grammar using a romanised script the Jesuits had developed.

Jesuit · CatechismRead elsewhere